Defense & Intelligence / Capability 06
06
Force Design & Organizational Transformation

Redesigning the structures
through which power
is organized and applied

We advise the most senior military and civilian defense leaders on the hardest organizational challenges in national security — force structure redesign, command relationship reform, cultural transformation, and the institutional change required to fight and win in multi-domain contested environments.

Flag & SES-Level Advisors
Joint Staff & OSD Experience
CCMD-Level Engagements
TS / SCI / SAP Cleared
Wargaming & Red Team
14+
CCMD & service
component engagements
24+
Wargaming exercises
for senior DoD leaders
6
Major org redesigns
at CCMD level
100%
Advisors with O-6+
or SES service
Our Position

The character of warfare is changing faster than institutional structures can adapt. Technological superiority has outrun organizational capacity — the DoD possesses capabilities that its command architectures cannot effectively employ, doctrine that its force structures cannot execute, and a talent system that produces the wrong leaders for the competition it now faces. The organizational design problem is the strategic problem.

Our Force Design practice is staffed by former flag officers, senior intelligence executives, and defense policy officials who have operated inside the organizational systems they now advise. We do not bring organizational design frameworks from the commercial sector and apply them to defense problems. We bring operational experience at the highest levels of the joint force — from the Joint Staff J3 to combatant command headquarters to service secretariats — and the analytical discipline to translate that experience into institutional change that survives contact with the bureaucratic realities of the Defense Department.

14+
CCMD & service
component engagements
24+
Senior wargaming
exercises conducted
6
Major org redesigns
at CCMD level
18yr
Force design practice
history
100%
Advisors with O-6+
or SES service
Staff Experience & Clearances
Flag Officer Alumni
Joint Staff (J2 / J3 / J5)
OSD Policy & Strategy
CCMD Staff Experience
Service Secretariat
War College Faculty
TS / SCI
SAP Clearances
VOSB Certified
Service Areas

Six disciplines for
institutional change

Force design is not organizational consulting applied to the military. Every engagement is staffed by professionals who have held the command and staff roles they now advise — at the O-7 level and above, or equivalent SES.

01
Force Structure Analysis & Design
Rigorous quantitative and operational analysis of force structure options — from end-strength and unit composition to cross-domain capability gaps and readiness posture.

Force structure decisions — which units to create, retain, resize, or eliminate — are among the most consequential and politically fraught choices in defense management. They involve operational risk, institutional equity, congressional equities, and strategic posture simultaneously. Our force structure analysts bring experience from OSD PA&E, service staff G3/J3 organizations, and combatant command planning staffs to provide the analytical rigor these decisions demand.

We use a structured analytical methodology: capability gap mapping against the NDS threat framework, unit effectiveness modeling, readiness trend analysis, and cost-per-capability comparisons that give senior leaders the quantitative foundation for structural choices that will define the force for a decade.

Core Capabilities
Capability Gap Analysis (NDS-Aligned)
End-Strength & Unit Composition Modeling
Cross-Domain Force Posture Assessment
Readiness Trend Analysis (DRRS-S)
Cost-per-Capability Benchmarking
MTOE / TDA Structure Design
Statutory Force Structure Review Support
Congressional Justification (PPBE) Support
Engagement Impact
6
Service component force structure redesigns at CCMD or echelon-above-corps level
14%
Avg. readiness improvement within 18 months of structural redesign
Strategic Context
"Every dollar we spend on force structure is a decision about what risks we accept. Our job is to make those decisions with clear eyes, not institutional inertia." — Senior Force Design Advisor, former J8
02
Joint Command Architecture & Relationship Design
Redesigning command relationships, authority frameworks, and interoperability structures across the joint force for multi-domain operational effectiveness.

Command relationships are the architecture of decision-making authority in the joint force. Who has OPCON, who has TACON, who has COCOM, and how authorities flow across component commands — these structures determine how fast the joint force can act and how effectively it can integrate capabilities across domains. As multi-domain operations have raised the premium on speed and integration, the command architectures designed for Cold War-era linear operations have become strategic liabilities.

We bring Joint Staff J3 and CCMD staff experience to command architecture redesign — working at the interface between Title 10 statutory authority, UCMJ command relationships, and the operational requirements of actual multi-domain campaigns.

Core Capabilities
CCMD Command Relationship Redesign
OPCON / TACON / COCOM Authority Analysis
Joint Task Force (JTF) Design
Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) Architecture
Coalition Command Structure Design
C2 Authority Delegation Frameworks
Cross-Functional Team (CFT) Architecture
JADC2 Command Design Integration
Engagement Impact
60%
Reduction in decision cycle time on AI-enabled command architectures we designed
4
Unified and combatant command architecture redesign engagements completed
03
Wargaming & Strategic Red Teaming
Professionally facilitated wargaming exercises, red team operations, and adversarial analysis for senior defense and intelligence leaders stress-testing strategy, plans, and organizational assumptions.

Wargaming is the premier tool for stress-testing strategy and organizational design against adversarial action before real operations reveal the flaws. We conduct professional wargaming exercises ranging from tabletop campaign seminars for senior leadership to multi-day operational-level exercises with red and blue teams, structured adjudication, and analytical capture of findings that produce actionable design recommendations.

Our red team capability applies adversarial thinking systematically — not simply playing devil's advocate, but rigorously modeling the strategic logic, operational doctrine, and organizational decision-making of near-peer adversaries. We draw on former intelligence professionals and regional specialists who understand how adversaries actually think, not how we assume they think.

Core Capabilities
Campaign-Level Wargaming (Classified)
Tabletop Strategic Seminars (SES / GO / FO)
Operational-Level Red / Blue / White
Adversary Decision-Making Modeling (PRC / Russia)
Alternative Futures Analysis
Net Assessment Support
ONA-Style Competitive Assessment
Threat Emulation & OPFOR Design
Engagement Impact
24+
Wargaming and red team exercises for senior DoD / IC leaders since 2018
8
Exercises conducted at the 4-star or civilian equivalent level
On Wargaming
"A wargame that confirms your plan is a failure of the wargaming. The purpose is to find where your plan breaks — while there is still time to change it." — Rear Adm. (Ret.) Robert Ellison, Practice Lead
04
Talent Management & Human Capital Reform
Redesigning the personnel systems, promotion frameworks, and talent management processes that determine who leads, who advances, and what organizational culture is actually reinforced.

The military talent management system produces the leaders the organization says it values — which is often not the leaders the organization actually needs. The National Defense Authorization Act of 2019's Talent Management provisions created new authorities to reform military personnel management, but translating statutory authority into institutional change requires both technical expertise in DOPMA/ROPMA and the political fluency to navigate the deeply entrenched interests of a system that has worked exactly as designed for 50 years.

Core Capabilities
DOPMA / ROPMA Reform Analysis
Promotion Board Methodology Review
Competitive Career Development Redesign
Critical Acquisition Position (CAP) Reform
Civilian Workforce Redesign (Title 5 / 10)
Senior Leader Assessment & Selection
Diversity & Inclusion Strategy (EO / Readiness Frame)
NDAA Talent Management Implementation
Engagement Impact
3
Service-level talent management reform programs supported under NDAA 2019 authorities
12%
Increase in retention of critical specialties within 24 months of pipeline redesign
05
Doctrine Development & Institutional Learning
Supporting the formal doctrine development process — from concept development through codification — and designing institutional learning systems that translate operational experience into organizational knowledge.

Doctrine is how the military institutionalizes learning — codifying operational concepts, command relationships, and tactical procedures in forms that can be taught, trained to, and replicated across the force. When doctrine fails to keep pace with operational realities, units improvise at the cost of integration and interoperability. We support the formal doctrine development process at TRADOC, TECOM, and ACSC, and design the institutional learning systems that feed doctrine development with operational feedback.

Core Capabilities
TRADOC Doctrine Development Support
Field Manual / ADRP / ADP Review
Multi-Domain Operations Doctrine
JIPOE & Intelligence Doctrine
After-Action Review (AAR) System Design
Lessons Learned Repository Design
War College Curriculum Development
Concept Development (JCIDS-Aligned)
06
Strategic Competition & Net Assessment
Long-range comparative analysis of the military balance between the United States and peer competitors — supporting NDS development, investment prioritization, and senior leader decision-making.

Net assessment — the systematic comparison of the military balance between the United States and peer competitors over time — is the analytical foundation for long-range defense planning and force investment decisions. In an era of great power competition, the ability to make rigorous, long-horizon assessments of competitive dynamics has become essential for every component of the defense enterprise. We bring former ONA, DIA, and service intelligence professionals to competitive assessments that go beyond order-of-battle accounting to analyze operational concepts, doctrinal trajectories, and organizational learning rates.

Core Capabilities
Net Assessment Methodology
Competitive Military Balance Analysis
PRC / PLA Force Development Assessment
Russia / VKS Operational Doctrine Analysis
NDS / NMS Analytical Support
Long-Range Investment Prioritization
Strategic Warning Indicator Development
Defense Industrial Capacity Benchmarking
Engagement Impact
5
NDS development cycles supported with net assessment analytical products
3
Service-level competitive assessments informing major investment decisions
Wargaming & Red Team

Stress-testing strategy
before the adversary does

We run three distinct wargaming architectures — each calibrated to a different level of command and a different analytical objective. All classified exercises conducted in appropriate SCIFs with cleared facilitation staff.

Red Cell / Adversary
Strategic Red Team
Adversarial analysis at the strategic level — modeling PRC, Russian, or other near-peer decision-making to stress-test U.S. strategy, plans, and assumptions about adversary behavior.
PLA / PRC Decision-Making Modeling
Strategic Intent Analysis (vs. OB Counting)
Escalation Ladder & Redline Analysis
Cognitive Bias Identification in Blue Assumptions
Blue Force / Joint
Operational Wargame
Multi-day operational-level exercises with structured adjudication — testing campaign plans, command architectures, and cross-domain integration against a thinking, adaptive adversary.
CCMD Campaign Plan Stress-Testing
Multi-Domain Integration Gaps
Logistics & Sustainment Constraints
Coalition Interoperability Analysis
Senior Leader Seminar
Strategic Seminar
Facilitated tabletop exercises for flag officers and SES-level civilian leaders — testing strategic assumptions, examining decision points, and developing shared mental models across organizational boundaries.
4-Star / SECDEF-Level Tabletops
Strategic Decision Point Analysis
Interagency & Coalition Coordination
Alternative Futures & Scenario Planning
24+
Total exercises
conducted
8
4-star or civilian
equivalent level
6
Theater-level campaign
wargames
100%
Cleared facilitation
teams available
How We Work

Operating at the
speed of trust

Force design advisory at the most senior levels of defense requires trust that takes time to earn and cannot be manufactured. Our methodology is built around the reality that institutional change in the DoD is a political process as much as an analytical one — and that the most rigorous analysis will fail without the organizational navigation skills to move it through the system.

Strategic Diagnosis
Weeks 1–6

We begin by understanding the organizational problem at its actual source — not the presenting symptom that prompted the engagement. Senior leader interviews, stakeholder mapping, historical analysis of organizational evolution, and a frank assessment of what the institution is actually optimized for versus what it claims to prioritize.

Senior Leader InterviewsStakeholder MapInstitutional History AnalysisProblem Frame Document
Analytical Design
Weeks 4–14

Rigorous quantitative and qualitative analysis — force structure modeling, command architecture mapping, competitive assessments, wargaming. We develop multiple design options with explicit assumptions, risk profiles, and trade-off analyses. We do not arrive with a preferred solution. We arrive with a structured choice framework that gives senior leaders genuine options, not a rationalization for a predetermined answer.

Force Structure OptionsCommand Architecture MapsWargame FindingsTrade-Off Analysis
Organizational Navigation
Ongoing

Defense organizational change requires navigating the Joint Staff, OSD, service staffs, Congressional staff, and a labyrinth of informal power structures that no organizational chart captures. We provide the political and bureaucratic navigation support that transforms analysis into decisions — identifying champions, sequencing engagements, managing opposition, and building the coalition that change requires.

Stakeholder Engagement PlanDecision Package PrepCongressional Support MaterialsOpposition Analysis
Implementation & Institutionalization
Months 6–24+

Organizational redesigns that are approved and never implemented are the most common failure mode in defense institutional change. We provide sustained implementation support — tracking decisions against intent, identifying deviation from design, and helping organizations build the internal capacity to sustain the change through leadership transitions, which are frequent and can be fatal to transformation programs.

Implementation TrackerCultural AssessmentLeadership Transition PlanLessons Learned
Selected Engagements

Institutions we have transformed

Details modified or withheld per classification and client confidentiality.
Indo-Pacific Combatant Command

Theater Command Architecture Redesign for Multi-Domain Operations

The Challenge

A major geographic combatant command required a fundamental redesign of its command architecture to execute multi-domain operations against a near-peer adversary with a 2027 operational planning horizon. The existing architecture — built for Cold War deterrence and post-9/11 counterterrorism — could not integrate capabilities across the space, cyber, and electromagnetic domains at operationally relevant speed. Three internal redesign efforts had stalled due to service component resistance.

Our Approach

We assembled a team of former J3, J6, and service component CGs who had operated in this theater. We conducted a structured wargame exposing the command architecture's failure modes under stress, mapped the informal power structures blocking reform, and designed a phased redesign that achieved 80% of the operational objective while navigating institutional resistance. The new architecture was approved by SECDEF within 14 months.

60%
Decision cycle compression
14mo
To SECDEF approval
4
Domains integrated in architecture
0
Service vetoes sustained
Army Service Component · FORSCOM

Division Force Structure Redesign for Large-Scale Combat Operations

The Challenge

An Army division headquarters required a fundamental force structure redesign to transition from the modular brigade model optimized for counterinsurgency to a force capable of large-scale combat operations against a peer adversary. The existing structure had been optimized over 20 years for a mission set that was strategically subordinate — the capabilities it needed were absent, atrophied, or allocated to lower echelons.

Our Approach

We conducted a capability gap analysis against the division's operational concept, designed three alternative MTOE structures with explicit trade-off profiles, and ran a five-day tabletop wargame with the division and corps commanders to stress-test each option against representative operational scenarios. The resulting structure incorporated capabilities from the analysis that had not been in the original scope.

14%
Readiness improvement at 18 months
3
MTOE options developed and wargamed
5day
Senior leader wargame conducted
2
Novel capabilities surfaced through analysis
Joint Staff J5 · Strategic Competition

Net Assessment of the PRC Military Balance in the Western Pacific

The Challenge

Joint Staff J5 required an independent net assessment of the military balance between U.S. joint forces and the PLA in the Western Pacific that went beyond order-of-battle comparisons to examine operational concepts, doctrinal trajectories, logistics constraints, and institutional learning rates on both sides. Existing assessments were structured around platform inventories — failing to capture the operational implications of asymmetric advantages and vulnerabilities.

Our Approach

Our former ONA and DIA professionals conducted a structured net assessment using an ONA-derived methodology — examining not just the military balance but the dynamics that would determine how it would change over a 10–15 year horizon. The assessment identified three asymmetric U.S. advantages that existing investment plans were not exploiting, and two vulnerabilities that were structurally underweighted in the defense program.

3
Unexloited asymmetric advantages identified
2
Structural vulnerabilities surfaced
15yr
Planning horizon covered
4
Investment recommendations acted on
Air Force AFSOC · NDAA 2019

Special Operations Talent Management System Reform

The Challenge

AFSOC required a fundamental reform of its officer career development and talent management system to retain the high-aptitude, mission-focused personnel who were leaving at rates that threatened mission capability. The existing system rewarded staff time and operational breadth — systematically disadvantaging the deep operational specialists that special operations demands. NDAA 2019 provided the statutory authority; the question was implementation.

Our Approach

We analyzed career patterns of the highest-performing and highest-attrition cohorts to identify the specific institutional decision points where the system was driving out its best talent. We designed a parallel career track for designated operational specialists, redesigned the promotion board criteria for that track, and developed the implementation roadmap that moved the reform through Air Force personnel bureaucracy within 18 months.

12%
Retention improvement, critical specialties
18mo
From concept to implementation
2
New career tracks implemented
$42M
Estimated training replacement cost saved
Client Voices

Most consultants came in with a framework and proceeded to fit our problem into it. The Meridian team came in and learned the problem. It took longer, but the design they produced was one that my J3 staff actually built — because it reflected how this command actually works, not how an org chart says it should.

Gen. (Ret.) T.R. Hollingsworth
Former Commander
U.S. Geographic Combatant Command

The wargame they designed broke three assumptions that had been embedded in our campaign plan for four years. One of them was a fundamental misread of how our adversary would sequence operations. If we had discovered that in an actual conflict rather than a wargame, the consequences would have been severe. That is what rigorous adversarial analysis does — and it requires people who understand the adversary, not just people who can facilitate a meeting.

Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Sandra Whitmore
Former J3 Director of Operations
Unified Combatant Command

We had tried twice to reform our talent management system under existing authority and failed both times — not because the analysis was wrong, but because we couldn't navigate the Air Staff. Meridian's team had the former service secretary staff experience to understand exactly whose equities needed to be addressed and in what sequence. The reform passed because they understood the politics as well as the policy.

Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Kevin Okafor
Former AFSOC Command
Air Force Special Operations Command
Practice Leadership

Advisors who have commanded

Every member of the Force Design practice has held senior command or staff positions at the O-7 equivalent or above, or civilian equivalent. We do not field organizational consultants who have studied defense institutions. We field people who built them, commanded them, and know where they break.

RE
Rear Adm. (Ret.) Robert Ellison
Practice Lead, Force Design & Org Transformation
30-year Navy career culminating as Deputy Director J6, Joint Staff. Former PEO C4I. Led initial JADC2 concept development. Conducted 8 senior wargaming exercises at CCMD level. TS/SCI/SAP cleared.
Joint StaffJADC2WargamingTS/SCI/SAP
GH
Brig. Gen. (Ret.) George Harrington
Senior Advisor, Force Structure
28-year Army career. Former Deputy G3, FORSCOM. Led two division-level force structure redesigns during the Army's shift to LSCO. War College faculty. Expert in MTOE design and Army PPBE. TS/SCI cleared.
FORSCOMForce StructureLSCOTS/SCI
DH
Diana Harrington, SES (Ret.)
Senior Director, Strategic Competition
Former SES at a major IC collection agency. 12 years at ONA as a senior analyst. Expert in net assessment methodology and PRC military analysis. Designed institutional learning systems for three IC components. TS/SCI/SAP cleared.
ONA AlumniNet AssessmentPRC / PLATS/SCI/SAP
JR
Col. (Ret.) James Reyes
Director, Wargaming & Red Team
24-year Marine Corps career. Former red cell director at a major exercise program. Facilitated 14 operational-level wargames for CCMD and JTF commanders. SAMS-qualified. Expert in adversarial decision-making modeling. TS/SCI cleared.
WargamingRed TeamSAMSTS/SCI
100%
Engagement leads with O-7+
or SES service
8
Former flag officers
on practice staff
4
4
Former OSD / Joint
Staff principals
TS/SCI/SAP
Clearance level available
across team
Thought Leadership

Strategic thinking from
experienced operators

Featured Analysis

The Organizational Design Problem Is the Strategy Problem: Why the DoD's JADC2 Implementation Is Failing for Structural Reasons, Not Technical Ones

The technology for joint all-domain command and control largely exists. The organizational structures required to employ it do not. Command relationship inertia, service component parochialism, and the absence of cross-domain authority frameworks are the real barriers — and they require organizational redesign, not better software.

20 min read·April 2026·Force Design
Strategic Competition
What the PLA's Force Structure Tells Us About How It Intends to Fight — and What the U.S. Military Is Getting Wrong in Response

Order-of-battle analysis misses the most important signal: organizational design reveals operational intent in ways that platform inventories never will.

March 2026 · 16 min read
Wargaming
The Seven Ways Wargames Fail Senior Leaders — and How to Design Exercises That Actually Change Decisions

Most senior leader wargames are choreographed confirmation events. Here is what rigorous adversarial analysis requires instead — and why the discomfort is the point.

February 2026 · 14 min read
Talent Management
NDAA 2019's Talent Management Authorities: What Has Actually Been Implemented Three Years Later

Congress gave the services unprecedented authority to reform military personnel management. Three years on, implementation has been uneven — here is the honest scorecard.

January 2026 · 12 min read
Doctrine
Multi-Domain Operations Doctrine Is Two Years Old. Here Is What the Force Has Actually Learned From It

ADP 3-0 codified MDO doctrine in 2022. Real-world training and exercises have surfaced gaps between the concept and the organizational capacity to execute it.

December 2025 · 11 min read
Engage Our Team

Is your organization
designed for the fight ahead?

Our cleared, flag-level team is available for classified and unclassified discussions on force structure, command architecture, wargaming, and strategic competition analysis. We engage at the O-7 and SES level — and we bring the institutional credibility to be heard at that level.